TY - JOUR
T1 - Differences in volatile emissions between healthy and gall-induced branches of Haplopappus foliosus (Asteraceae)
AU - Villagra, Cristian
AU - Vera, Waleska
AU - Lenitz, Sofía
AU - Bergmann, Jan
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Professor Lafayette Eaton for his insightful comments and detailed native English speaker revision of our study. This research was funded by FONDECYT Iniciaci?n No. 11100109, CONICYT, Inserci?n No. 79100013 to CAV. JB is grateful for financial support from VRIEA-PUCV. We are grateful to Constanza Schapheer and Kevin Wandersleben for fieldwork help and Bioparque Puqu?n for allowing us to work on their land at Los Molles, V Region, Chile.
Funding Information:
We thank Professor Lafayette Eaton for his insightful comments and detailed native English speaker revision of our study. This research was funded by FONDECYT Iniciación No. 11100109 , CONICYT , Inserción No. 79100013 to CAV. JB is grateful for financial support from VRIEA-PUCV . We are grateful to Constanza Schapheer and Kevin Wandersleben for fieldwork help and Bioparque Puquén for allowing us to work on their land at Los Molles, V Region, Chile.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Changes in plant secondary metabolism due to insect galls are one of the frontiers in knowledge of plant-insect interactions, especially concerning volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we studied the in vivo VOCs released from healthy apical branches of Haplopappus foliosus DC. (Asteraceae) and compared these volatiles to the VOCs obtained from apical bud galls produced in this host plant when attacked by the gall midge Haplopappusmyiia gregaria (Cecidomyiidae). We field-collected VOCs by dynamic headspace and identified them by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We found changes in the relative proportions of different classes of VOC in apical branches vs. apical bud galls. H. foliosus VOCs had mainly monoterpene hydrocarbons such as p-cymene, a recognized herbivore deterrent. We also found oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in the H. foliosus volatile mixture. H. foliosus modifies its fragrance composition when parasitized by gall midges, showing an increased proportion of some monoterpene hydrocarbons, e.g. limonene and camphene, while others such as α-thujene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene were down-expressed in apical bud gall VOCs. We discuss these results considering gall signaling and chemical ecology hypotheses, including the potential role of plant defenses as well as gall midge-derived modification for host plant VOCs, and comment on the ecological relevance of our findings.
AB - Changes in plant secondary metabolism due to insect galls are one of the frontiers in knowledge of plant-insect interactions, especially concerning volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here we studied the in vivo VOCs released from healthy apical branches of Haplopappus foliosus DC. (Asteraceae) and compared these volatiles to the VOCs obtained from apical bud galls produced in this host plant when attacked by the gall midge Haplopappusmyiia gregaria (Cecidomyiidae). We field-collected VOCs by dynamic headspace and identified them by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. We found changes in the relative proportions of different classes of VOC in apical branches vs. apical bud galls. H. foliosus VOCs had mainly monoterpene hydrocarbons such as p-cymene, a recognized herbivore deterrent. We also found oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in the H. foliosus volatile mixture. H. foliosus modifies its fragrance composition when parasitized by gall midges, showing an increased proportion of some monoterpene hydrocarbons, e.g. limonene and camphene, while others such as α-thujene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene were down-expressed in apical bud gall VOCs. We discuss these results considering gall signaling and chemical ecology hypotheses, including the potential role of plant defenses as well as gall midge-derived modification for host plant VOCs, and comment on the ecological relevance of our findings.
KW - Asteraceae
KW - Gall induction
KW - Limonene
KW - Terpenes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111834389&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104309
DO - 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104309
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85111834389
VL - 98
JO - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
JF - Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
SN - 0305-1978
M1 - 104309
ER -