Embodied energy optimization of buttressed earth-retaining walls with hybrid simulated annealing

Physics & Astronomy

• simulated annealing 98%
• retaining 87%
• optimization 52%
• energy 23%
• costs 20%
• cost reduction 12%
• structural design 11%
• energy consumption 10%
• economics 9%
• stems 9%
• recommendations 9%
• resources 8%
• adjusting 7%
• tuning 6%
• steels 6%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Simulated annealing 80%
• Earth (planet) 66%
• Concretes 11%
• Natural resources 10%
• Costs 10%
• Rebar 9%
• Cost reduction 9%
• Structural design 8%
• Tuning 6%
• Energy utilization 6%
• Economics 5%
• Geometry 5%

Chemistry

• Annealing 62%
• Energy 37%
• Reduction 15%
• Energy Consumption 12%
• Resistance 7%