TY - JOUR
T1 - Reexamination of the magnitudes for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes using Japanese tsunami amplitudes
T2 - Implications for source depth constraints
AU - Carvajal, M.
AU - Cisternas, M.
AU - Gubler, A.
AU - Catalán, P. A.
AU - Winckler, P.
AU - Wesson, R. L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is part of Chile's Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient?fico y Tecnol?gico (FONDECYT) project 1150321. M. Carvajal and A. Gubler thanks the Master programs at the Escuela Ciencias del Mar of the Pontificia Universidad Cat?lica de Valpara?so and Universidad T?cnica Federico Santa Mar?a for their permanent support. P.A. Catal?n and A. Gubler would like to thank CONICYT through his grants FONDAP 15110017 (CIGIDEN). P. Winckler thanks CONICYT (Chile), through his grant FONDECYT 11150003. The authors would finally like to thank the Editor Michael Walter, the Associate Editor Yoshihiro Kaneko, Aditya Gusman, and three other anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that significantly improved this article. The data used for producing the results herein may be requested by contacting the authors.
Publisher Copyright:
©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Far-field tsunami records from the Japanese tide gauge network allow the reexamination of the moment magnitudes (Mw) for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes, which to date rely on limited information mainly from seismological observations alone. Tide gauges along the Japanese coast provide extensive records of tsunamis triggered by six great (Mw >8) Chilean earthquakes with instrumentally determined moment magnitudes. These tsunami records are used to explore the dependence of tsunami amplitudes in Japan on the parent earthquake magnitude of Chilean origin. Using the resulting regression parameters together with tide gauge amplitudes measured in Japan we estimate apparent moment magnitudes of Mw 8.0–8.2 and Mw 8.5–8.6 for the 1906 central and 1922 north-central Chile earthquakes. The large discrepancy of the 1906 magnitude estimated from the tsunami observed in Japan as compared with those previously determined from seismic waves (Ms 8.4) suggests a deeper than average source with reduced tsunami excitation. A deep dislocation along the Chilean megathrust would favor uplift of the coast rather than beneath the sea, giving rise to a smaller tsunami and producing effects consistent with those observed in 1906. The 1922 magnitude inferred from far-field tsunami amplitudes appear to better explain the large extent of damage and the destructive tsunami that were locally observed following the earthquake than the lower seismic magnitudes (Ms 8.3) that were likely affected by the well-known saturation effects. Thus, a repeat of the large 1922 earthquake poses seismic and tsunami hazards in a region identified as a mature seismic gap.
AB - Far-field tsunami records from the Japanese tide gauge network allow the reexamination of the moment magnitudes (Mw) for the 1906 and 1922 Chilean earthquakes, which to date rely on limited information mainly from seismological observations alone. Tide gauges along the Japanese coast provide extensive records of tsunamis triggered by six great (Mw >8) Chilean earthquakes with instrumentally determined moment magnitudes. These tsunami records are used to explore the dependence of tsunami amplitudes in Japan on the parent earthquake magnitude of Chilean origin. Using the resulting regression parameters together with tide gauge amplitudes measured in Japan we estimate apparent moment magnitudes of Mw 8.0–8.2 and Mw 8.5–8.6 for the 1906 central and 1922 north-central Chile earthquakes. The large discrepancy of the 1906 magnitude estimated from the tsunami observed in Japan as compared with those previously determined from seismic waves (Ms 8.4) suggests a deeper than average source with reduced tsunami excitation. A deep dislocation along the Chilean megathrust would favor uplift of the coast rather than beneath the sea, giving rise to a smaller tsunami and producing effects consistent with those observed in 1906. The 1922 magnitude inferred from far-field tsunami amplitudes appear to better explain the large extent of damage and the destructive tsunami that were locally observed following the earthquake than the lower seismic magnitudes (Ms 8.3) that were likely affected by the well-known saturation effects. Thus, a repeat of the large 1922 earthquake poses seismic and tsunami hazards in a region identified as a mature seismic gap.
KW - 1906 and 1922 Chile earthquakes
KW - Japanese tsunami records from Chilean earthquakes
KW - deep interplate earthquake
KW - far-field tsunami amplitudes
KW - tsunami magnitude
KW - tsunami radiation pattern
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85008476089&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/2016JB013269
DO - 10.1002/2016JB013269
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85008476089
VL - 122
SP - 4
EP - 17
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
SN - 2169-9313
IS - 1
ER -