TY - JOUR
T1 - Speciation analysis in chemistry
AU - QUIROZ VENEGAS, WALDO EMERSON
N1 - Funding Information:
The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support of FONDECYT Project 1191041 of the Chilean Government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Abstract: The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) definition of a chemical species is a “specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure.” The composition and structure of the specific forms determine their properties, including their toxicity. This has important social consequences at the level of international guidelines. The quantitative determination or qualitative assessment of chemical species requires one to develop sufficiently sensitive and selective methods. All analytical methods have their specific advantages and disadvantages for species detection and quantifications. However, in most cases, separation methods like chromatography are required. A serious problem of validating an analytical method for chemical speciation is the scarce availability of reference materials. Another problem is the stability of species during sample treatment. Strategies for validation are spike and recovery assays as well as mass balance coherence. The validation of analytical methods for speciation analysis would be much simpler and more reliable if the analytical techniques had sufficient sensitivity and selectivity and were available to determine molecular and redox forms of an element directly on solid and liquid samples. Currently, technological efforts are being made in these directions, and thus the future looks promising. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
AB - Abstract: The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) definition of a chemical species is a “specific form of an element defined as to isotopic composition, electronic or oxidation state, and/or complex or molecular structure.” The composition and structure of the specific forms determine their properties, including their toxicity. This has important social consequences at the level of international guidelines. The quantitative determination or qualitative assessment of chemical species requires one to develop sufficiently sensitive and selective methods. All analytical methods have their specific advantages and disadvantages for species detection and quantifications. However, in most cases, separation methods like chromatography are required. A serious problem of validating an analytical method for chemical speciation is the scarce availability of reference materials. Another problem is the stability of species during sample treatment. Strategies for validation are spike and recovery assays as well as mass balance coherence. The validation of analytical methods for speciation analysis would be much simpler and more reliable if the analytical techniques had sufficient sensitivity and selectivity and were available to determine molecular and redox forms of an element directly on solid and liquid samples. Currently, technological efforts are being made in these directions, and thus the future looks promising. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
KW - Analytical chemistry
KW - Chemical species
KW - Chemistry education
KW - Hyphenated techniques
KW - Speciation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100522595&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40828-020-00125-8
DO - 10.1007/s40828-020-00125-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85100522595
VL - 7
JO - ChemTexts
JF - ChemTexts
SN - 2199-3793
IS - 1
M1 - 7
ER -