TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of active galactic nuclei on the cold interstellar medium in distant star-forming galaxies
AU - Valentino, F.
AU - Daddi, E.
AU - Puglisi, A.
AU - Magdis, G. E.
AU - Kokorev, V.
AU - Liu, D.
AU - Madden, S. C.
AU - Gómez-Guijarro, C.
AU - Lee, M. Y.
AU - Cortzen, I.
AU - Circosta, C.
AU - Delvecchio, I.
AU - Mullaney, J. R.
AU - Gao, Y.
AU - Gobat, R.
AU - Aravena, M.
AU - Jin, S.
AU - Fujimoto, S.
AU - Silverman, J. D.
AU - Dannerbauer, H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. We acknowledge the constructive comments from the anonymous referee that greatly improved the content and presentation of the results. We warmly thank Marianne Vestergaard for providing a modified version of the Linmix_err.pro routine for the linear regression with fixed slope and D. Elbaz and T. Wang for sharing their Herschel catalog of GOODS-S. F. V. acknowledges support from the Carlsberg Foundation Research Grant CF18-0388 “Galaxies: Rise and Death”. F. V. and G. E. M. acknowledge the Villum Fonden Research Grant 13160 “Gas to stars, stars to dust: tracing star formation across cosmic time” and the Cosmic Dawn Center of Excellence funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under then Grant No. 140. A. P. gratefully acknowledges financial support from STFC through grants ST/T000244/1 and ST/P000541/1. Y. G.’s work is partially supported by National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (grant No. 2017YFA0402704), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Nos. 12033004, and 11861131007), and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences (grant No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH008). M. A. acknowledges support from FONDECYT grant 1211951, “ANID+PCI+INSTITUTO MAX PLANCK DE ASTRONOMIA MPG 190030” and “ANID+PCI+REDES 190194. In this work, we made use of the COSMOS master spectroscopic catalog – kept updated by Mara Salvato –, of GILDAS, and STSDAS. GILDAS, the Grenoble Image and Line Data Analysis Software, is a joint effort of IRAM and the Observatoire de Grenoble. STSDAS is a product of the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA for NASA. Moreover, this paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA, #2019.1.01702.S, #2018.1.00635.S, #2016.1.01040.S, #2016.1.00171.S, and #2015.1.00260.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 ESO.
PY - 2021/10/1
Y1 - 2021/10/1
N2 - In the framework of a systematic study with the ALMA interferometer of IR-selected main-sequence and starburst galaxies at z ∼ 1-1.7 at typical ∼1″ resolution, we report on the effects of mid-IR- A nd X-ray-detected active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the reservoirs and excitation of molecular gas in a sample of 55 objects. We find widespread detectable nuclear activity in ∼30% of the sample. The presence of dusty tori influences the IR spectral energy distribution of galaxies, as highlighted by the strong correlation among the AGN contribution to the total IR luminosity budget (fAGN = LIR AGN/LIR), its hard X-ray emission, and the Rayleigh-Jeans to mid-IR (S1.2 mm/S24 μm) observed color, with evident consequences on the ensuing empirical star formation rate estimates. Nevertheless, we find only marginal effects of the presence and strength of AGN on the carbon monoxide CO (J = 2, 4, 5, 7) or neutral carbon ([C I](3P1-3P0), [C I](3P2-3P1)) line luminosities and on the derived molecular gas excitation as gauged by line ratios and the full spectral line energy distributions. The [C I] and CO emission up to J = 5, 7 thus primarily traces the properties of the host in typical IR luminous galaxies. However, our analysis highlights the existence of a large variety of line luminosities and ratios despite the homogeneous selection. In particular, we find a sparse group of AGN-dominated sources with the highest LIR, AGN/LIR, SFR ratios, 3, that are more luminous in CO (5-4) than what is predicted by the L′CO(5-4)-LIR, SFR relation, which might be the result of the nuclear activity. For the general population, our findings translate into AGN having minimal effects on quantities such as gas and dust fractions and star formation efficiencies. If anything, we find hints of a marginal tendency of AGN hosts to be compact at far-IR wavelengths and to display 1.8 times larger dust optical depths. In general, this is consistent with a marginal impact of the nuclear activity on the gas reservoirs and star formation in average star-forming AGN hosts with LIR > 5 × 1011 L⊗, typically underrepresented in surveys of quasars and submillimeter galaxies.
AB - In the framework of a systematic study with the ALMA interferometer of IR-selected main-sequence and starburst galaxies at z ∼ 1-1.7 at typical ∼1″ resolution, we report on the effects of mid-IR- A nd X-ray-detected active galactic nuclei (AGN) on the reservoirs and excitation of molecular gas in a sample of 55 objects. We find widespread detectable nuclear activity in ∼30% of the sample. The presence of dusty tori influences the IR spectral energy distribution of galaxies, as highlighted by the strong correlation among the AGN contribution to the total IR luminosity budget (fAGN = LIR AGN/LIR), its hard X-ray emission, and the Rayleigh-Jeans to mid-IR (S1.2 mm/S24 μm) observed color, with evident consequences on the ensuing empirical star formation rate estimates. Nevertheless, we find only marginal effects of the presence and strength of AGN on the carbon monoxide CO (J = 2, 4, 5, 7) or neutral carbon ([C I](3P1-3P0), [C I](3P2-3P1)) line luminosities and on the derived molecular gas excitation as gauged by line ratios and the full spectral line energy distributions. The [C I] and CO emission up to J = 5, 7 thus primarily traces the properties of the host in typical IR luminous galaxies. However, our analysis highlights the existence of a large variety of line luminosities and ratios despite the homogeneous selection. In particular, we find a sparse group of AGN-dominated sources with the highest LIR, AGN/LIR, SFR ratios, 3, that are more luminous in CO (5-4) than what is predicted by the L′CO(5-4)-LIR, SFR relation, which might be the result of the nuclear activity. For the general population, our findings translate into AGN having minimal effects on quantities such as gas and dust fractions and star formation efficiencies. If anything, we find hints of a marginal tendency of AGN hosts to be compact at far-IR wavelengths and to display 1.8 times larger dust optical depths. In general, this is consistent with a marginal impact of the nuclear activity on the gas reservoirs and star formation in average star-forming AGN hosts with LIR > 5 × 1011 L⊗, typically underrepresented in surveys of quasars and submillimeter galaxies.
KW - Galaxies: Active
KW - Galaxies: Evolution
KW - Galaxies: High-redshift
KW - Galaxies: ISM
KW - Galaxies: Starburst
KW - Submillimeter: ISM
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118537747&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202141417
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202141417
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85118537747
VL - 654
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
SN - 0004-6361
M1 - A165
ER -