What does the research tell us about the understanding of the random variables and its probability distributions?

The random variable represents one of the key concepts in the modeling of random phenomena through probability distributions. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze and describe the main investigations that the literature reports on the random variable and its probability distribution, through a bibliographic review. The results show the existence of some teaching proposals around this notion, which are characterized by the use of technology. In addition, various cognitive difficulties and biases are identified during the learning of the random variable. In this way, it is hoped that these results will contribute to strengthening the instructional design process carried out by teachers, in order to help students understand the random variable and its probability distribution.