@article{58b414383bc245b8bdfcf14e0c6888e7,
title = "The giant 1960 tsunami in the context of a 6000-year record of paleotsunamis and coastal evolution in south-central Chile",
abstract = "The tsunami associated with the giant 9.5 Mw 1960 Chile earthquake deposited an extensive sand layer above organic-rich soils near Queule (39.3°S, 73.2°W), south-central Chile. Using the 1960 tsunami deposits, together with eye-witness observations and numerical simulations of tsunami inundation, we tested the tsunami inundation sensitivity of the site to different earthquake slip distributions. Stratigraphically below the 1960 deposit are two additional widespread sand layers interpreted as tsunami deposits with maximum ages of 4960–4520 and 5930–5740 cal BP. This >4500-year gap of tsunami deposits preserved in the stratigraphic record is inconsistent with written and geological records of large tsunamis in south-central Chile in 1575, 1837, and possibly 1737. We explain this discrepancy by: (1) poor preservation of tsunami deposits due to reduced accommodation space from relative sea-level fall during the late Holocene; (2) recently evolved coastal geomorphology that increased sediment availability for tsunami deposit formation in 1960; and/or (3) the possibility that the 1960 tsunami was significantly larger at this particular location than other tsunamis in the past >4500 years. Our research illustrates the complexities of reconstructing a complete stratigraphic record of past tsunamis from a single site for tsunami hazard assessment.",
keywords = "Chile 1960 earthquake, coastal geomorphology, coastal hazard, earthquake geomorphology, paleoseismology, tsunami deposits",
author = "Matos-Llavona, {Pedro I.} and Ely, {Lisa L.} and Breanyn MacInnes and Tina Dura and Cisternas, {Marco A.} and Joanne Bourgeois and David Bruce and Jessica DePaolis and Alexander Dolcimascolo and Horton, {Benjamin P.} and Daniel Melnick and Nelson, {Alan R.} and Walter Szeliga and Wesson, {Robert L.}",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Diego Aedo, Megan Christie, Tirso Cisternas, Ed Garrett, Fernanda Narbona, and Audrey Piacsek for assistance with field work; Trent Adams, Andrew Deliduka, and Andrew Glenn for contributions to sample processing and grain‐size measurements in the lab; and William Manley (INSTAAR, University of Colorado) for providing unpublished stratigraphic data from some of the field sites. We also thank Do{\~n}a Pachy and Don Jorge from Caba{\~n}as Peumay{\'e}n‐Tolt{\'e}n for their hospitality during fieldwork. The manuscript was improved by reviews from S. La Selle, P. Kempf, and an anonymous reviewer. This research project is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Awards EAR‐1624542 and EAR‐1624533, the Millennium Scientific Initiative (ICM) of the Chilean government through Grant NC160025 {\textquoteleft}Millennium Nucleus CYCLO The Seismic Cycle Along Subduction Zones{\textquoteright}, Chilean National Fund for Development of Science and Technology (FONDECYT) Grants 1181479 and 1190258, the ANID PIA Anillo ACT192169. Nelson was supported by the Earthquake Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. Matos‐Llavona was also supported by a Puget Sound Energy Graduate Fellowship at Central Washington University. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1002/esp.5363",
language = "English",
journal = "Earth Surface Processes and Landforms",
issn = "0197-9337",
}